New Style
Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, they refer to the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 1582 and 1923. Consequently, the same day can have two dates, one for each calendar used to record it. Before as well as after the legal change, writers used the dual dating convention, to specify a given day by giving its date according to both styles of dating (to ensure that the day concerned was identified unambiguously).
In England, Wales, Ireland, and Britain's American colonies, there were two calendar changes, both in 1752. The first of these was to adjust the start of a new year from 25 March (Lady Day, the Feast of the Annunciation) to 1 January, a change which Scotland had already made over 150 years earlier. The second discarded the Julian calendar in favour of the Gregorian calendar, skipping 11 days in the calendar for September 1752 to do so.
For countries such as Russia where no start-of-year adjustment took place, O.S. and N.S. simply indicate the Julian and Gregorian dating systems respectively.
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